Types of Steel Materials and Their Uses

Steel is a versatile material that can be used for a variety of uses. In fact, it’s estimated that more than 55 percent of the average vehicle is composed of steel. Its versatility is determined by the kind of alloy elements that are used to make it as these factors impact the material’s overall strength endurance, durability, and performance. For instance, the way that manufacturers cool the metal can have a significant impact on its microstructure and its overall properties. It can also be manipulated to achieve specific characteristics like yield strength, machinability and resistance to corrosion.

In its simplest form it is iron that has been alloyed with other elements to improve its physical properties and make it suitable for specific applications. The proportions of these additional alloying elements determine which steel category it belongs to, and thereby its overall performance in various applications.

For instance stainless steel is composed of at least 11% chromium. This makes it resistant to corrosion. This makes it ideal for a wide range of uses, such as cutlery or kitchen utensils. Tool steel, meanwhile is characterized by an extremely high strength and abrasion resistance that makes it a favorite for hand machines and tools. Carbon steels also lend themselves to a variety of applications because of their high ductility. Electrical steel on the other hand, is an example of a highly specialized type of steel that contains silicon (typically about 3%). This enhances the magnetic properties, as well as reducing losses from eddy-current. This makes it ideal for laminations and transformer cores of electric motors.

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